機房供電系統圣陽鉛酸蓄電池隱患排查方法

數據中(zhong)心機房供(gong)(gong)配電(dian)(dian)體系“鉛酸圣陽(yang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池漏液”，輕則(ze)導致數據中(zhong)心網絡體系設備的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)、電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短路構成UPS體系供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)、設備出現(xian)缺陷(xian)、連(lian)(lian)續(xu)工作，重則(ze)將(jiang)會引發(fa)火(huo)災等嚴峻危(wei)害機房事端的(de)發(fa)作，是引發(fa)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)缺陷(xian)不可(ke)忽(hu)視的(de)喪身危(wei)險，下面本(ben)文將(jiang)剖析鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池危(wei)險排查辦(ban)法(fa)。

蓄電(dian)池(chi)組漏液短路的危害

1、導致網絡連(lian)續事(shi)端

數據中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保障(zhang)體系是確保網(wang)絡設(she)備(bei)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不連續的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心體系，后(hou)(hou)備(bei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)是網(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)力(li)之所在。在直(zhi)流(liu)240V供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體系中(zhong)(zhong)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)是直(zhi)接并(bing)聯(lian)在整流(liu)器(qi)輸出端的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中(zhong)(zhong)，正(zheng)是因為有(you)后(hou)(hou)備(bei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)存在，市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)側發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣短(duan)路連續時，并(bing)不會直(zhi)接導致通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)網(wang)絡的(de)(de)(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)連續。相同，在溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)UPS體系中(zhong)(zhong)，只需逆變(bian)器(qi)及后(hou)(hou)續電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路正(zheng)常作(zuo)業，后(hou)(hou)備(bei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)就可以發(fa)(fa)揮作(zuo)用(yong)。但是，若蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣短(duan)路，必(bi)定構成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源體系的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓瞬間跌落，引起負載設(she)備(bei)掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，導致網(wang)絡連續缺陷，嚴峻(jun)影響信息通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)的(de)(de)(de)疏通(tong)(tong)。

2、蓄電(dian)池組(zu)歸(gui)于直(zhi)流電(dian)源，其(qi)電(dian)路缺陷危害性(xing)比溝通電(dian)源要大

一般狀況下，發(fa)(fa)現電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)起火(huo)時(shi)，首先(xian)要堵(du)(du)截電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。關于(yu)溝通電(dian)(dian)(dian)源而(er)(er)言，因(yin)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)自上而(er)(er)下地來源于(yu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網或柴油發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組，當發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)缺陷時(shi)，總會有一級維(wei)(wei)護(hu)器件發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)動作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，及時(shi)堵(du)(du)截短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。而(er)(er)當圣陽(yang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)體系的(de)結束，電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)是自下而(er)(er)上供應的(de)，只(zhi)需越過(guo)了(le)直(zhi)流(liu)總配電(dian)(dian)(dian)屏的(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)熔絲或蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器，則不會再有其它的(de)維(wei)(wei)護(hu)。發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)缺陷時(shi)，往往無法有效地堵(du)(du)截短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。加上直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不像溝通正弦(xian)波，它沒(mei)有過(guo)零(ling)點時(shi)的(de)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢為(wei)零(ling)的(de)進程(cheng)，一旦(dan)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)極易引起延伸。而(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)后的(de)阻抗(kang)僅(jin)取(qu)決于(yu)導線(xian)線(xian)阻和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)內(nei)阻，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)近(jin)似為(wei)無窮大。因(yin)而(er)(er)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)危害程(cheng)度遠大于(yu)溝通電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。

3、引發機(ji)房火災

發(fa)作蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組電(dian)(dian)氣短路后，若(ruo)不能及時發(fa)現和堵截回路，則必定引起火(huo)災。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的(de)電(dian)(dian)量越(yue)足，危害性也越(yue)大。

蓄電(dian)池電(dian)氣短(duan)路的原因

常見(jian)的圣陽蓄電池(chi)電氣短路乃至起火的原因(yin)一(yi)般有以下(xia)幾點(dian)：

1、蓄電池本身(shen)質量有問題，樁頭與極板聯接有危險；

2、蓄電池在運送(song)或設備(bei)時，殼(ke)體(ti)出現(xian)裂紋而沒有(you)及時發(fa)現(xian)，設備(bei)后(hou)蓄電池內(nei)部酸液分出通過電池架電氣短路；

3、蓄(xu)電池與電纜聯接不(bu)牢，構(gou)(gou)成接觸電阻過大，溫度升高后接觸面氧(yang)化嚴(yan)峻(jun)，然后構(gou)(gou)成接觸電阻持續變(bian)大，相繼引(yin)起(qi)電氣打火乃至拉弧，終(zhong)究點著附(fu)近(jin)可燃物(wu)構(gou)(gou)成起(qi)火；

4、蓄(xu)電池組的(de)聯(lian)接電纜(lan)(lan)耐(nai)壓(ya)值不(bu)行，構成(cheng)電纜(lan)(lan)間(jian)的(de)絕緣擊(ji)穿，構成(cheng)電纜(lan)(lan)短路起(qi)火；

5、蓄電池裝(zhuang)備(bei)不合(he)理，超出蓄電池放電極(ji)限；

6、蓄電(dian)池聯接(jie)電(dian)纜在收支電(dian)池架(jia)處被(bei)電(dian)池架(jia)鐵皮劃(hua)破(po)絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)發作(zuo)短(duan)路；

7、蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大或(huo)電(dian)(dian)壓過(guo)高構成蓄電(dian)(dian)池過(guo)充(chong)發熱，正負極板變形(xing)彎曲(qu)然(ran)后起火；

8、蓄電(dian)池組的外部聯接電(dian)纜或(huo)(huo)內部聯接電(dian)纜因運(yun)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)刻過久而絕緣老化，未及時(shi)(shi)查看替換處(chu)理，構(gou)成電(dian)纜間或(huo)(huo)電(dian)纜與電(dian)池架間發作(zuo)短路。

從理論(lun)上剖析，發作缺陷(xian)的(de)底子原因是(shi)圣陽蓄(xu)電(dian)池組或單體通過導電(dian)體（例如電(dian)解(jie)液、電(dian)池架、導線等）或直接構成(cheng)了(le)(le)正負(fu)極之間的(de)回路，發作了(le)(le)漏電(dian)流(liu)或電(dian)氣短路。

機房(fang)供電系(xi)統圣陽鉛酸蓄電池隱患排查方法

圣陽蓄電池組漏(lou)液危(wei)險的(de)防備辦(ban)法的(de)短少之處(chu)

常用防備蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)漏液電(dian)氣短路辦法和(he)短少在(zai)上(shang)述各種蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)電(dian)氣短路的(de)原因(yin)中，蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)漏液構成對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)架(jia)短路或絕緣度下(xia)降，構成正(zheng)負極通過電(dian)池(chi)架(jia)直接(jie)短路，一直是發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)幾率較高(gao)、難以判別和(he)發(fa)(fa)現，但(dan)后患(huan)卻非常嚴峻的(de)疑(yi)問缺陷。

1、蓄電池底(di)部增(zeng)加托盤——托盤可燃；

2、電池(chi)架(jia)增加電木板墊(dian)片——不能(neng)避(bi)免電解液的(de)漫延；

3、電池架(jia)對電氣地(di)絕(jue)緣——不易施行且不符合安(an)全(quan)規范(fan)；

4、蓄電(dian)池(chi)室設備煙霧告警體系——不及時(shi)。

蓄(xu)電池組(zu)漏液檢測的設(she)置、排查(cha)和剖析判(pan)別

1、蓄電池組(zu)漏液告警應定義為(wei)嚴(yan)峻告警。當(dang)出現(xian)告警時，應及時派維護人員到現(xian)場排查；

2、關于240V直流電(dian)(dian)源體系(xi)，當出現絕緣監察告(gao)警(jing)(jing)時，如(ru)僅有總母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)壓告(gao)警(jing)(jing)而沒有分支(zhi)路漏電(dian)(dian)流告(gao)警(jing)(jing)，在打掃(sao)誤告(gao)警(jing)(jing)的或許后，應考慮(lv)為圣陽蓄電(dian)(dian)池組絕緣度下(xia)降引起的告(gao)警(jing)(jing);

3、多組蓄電池組（n=1～4）并(bing)聯的狀況

①當n=1時，蓄(xu)電(dian)池組(zu)漏液告警即為(wei)僅有的一(yi)組(zu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池為(wei)疑(yi)似缺陷蓄(xu)電(dian)池組(zu)；

②當n>1時，可以(yi)逐組斷開(kai)蓄電池組的(de)近端維護開(kai)關，斷開(kai)后(hou)體系告警(jing)隨即消失時，該(gai)組蓄電池組即為疑(yi)似缺(que)陷蓄電池組。

4、蓄(xu)電池組漏液檢(jian)測可(ke)以有固定(ding)式和(he)便攜式兩種辦法

①蓄電(dian)池組正負極不接(jie)地(di)的(de)240V直流體系(xi)（即表1中第1種狀況），可以(yi)直接(jie)通(tong)過(guo)完善體系(xi)絕緣監(jian)察功用的(de)辦(ban)法完成對(dui)蓄電(dian)池組漏(lou)液的(de)在線檢測；

②相同，蓄(xu)電池組正負極(ji)不接地且(qie)無中(zhong)(zhong)心抽頭(tou)或中(zhong)(zhong)心抽頭(tou)僅(jin)接中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)點而不接地的溝通(tong)UPS體系（即表1中(zhong)(zhong)第2、3種狀況(kuang)），可設置固定式的蓄(xu)電池組漏(lou)液(ye)檢(jian)測(ce)設備完成對蓄(xu)電池組漏(lou)液(ye)的在線檢(jian)測(ce)；

③電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)正負極不接地(di)但(dan)有(you)中心抽(chou)頭且接地(di)的溝通UPS體系（即表(biao)1中第4種狀(zhuang)況），可以運用(yong)便攜(xie)式蓄電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)漏液檢測儀守時對蓄電(dian)池(chi)組(zu)進行巡檢。

5、設備固定式圣(sheng)陽蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組漏(lou)液查驗(yan)設備或開始對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組進行巡檢前(qian)，應查驗(yan)并招認蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組為對(dui)地懸(xuan)浮作業狀況。

即滿意下列幾點：

①蓄電池組(zu)正負極均不接地；

②蓄電(dian)池組的充放(fang)電(dian)回路(lu)對地(di)絕(jue)緣或隔絕(jue)；

③有(you)中心(xin)抽頭的蓄電池組(zu)，其中性(xing)點不接地或(huo)對地呈高阻狀(zhuang)況；

④關于有中(zhong)心抽頭且中(zhong)性點接地的UPS體系蓄(xu)電池組，可通過(guo)將電池架對地絕緣，或(huo)運用蓄(xu)電池組的近端維護(hu)開(kai)關將正(zheng)負極(ji)與電源體系別離的辦法(fa)，確(que)保其對圣陽蓄(xu)電池架的絕緣。